Summary Modern art went through major changes with movements like Futurism, led by Marinetti and later connected to Mussolini. Artists such as Boccioni and Giacomo Balla explored motion, while Russolo created the Intonarumori to bring industrial noise into music. In Russia, Rayonnism used rays of light to show energy and a 4th dimension, while Suprematism, led by Malevich, focused on pure feeling and Non-Objective Art, shown in art like the Black Square. Constructivism, started by Vladimir Tatlin and seen in designs like Tatlin Tower, used industrial materials and treated the artist as an engineer. Naum Gabo expanded this with kinetic sculpture. The Bauhaus, founded by Walter Gropius, blended art, craft, and design, emphasizing functionality and simplicity. At the same time, Dada emerged at Cabaret Voltaire with people like Hugo Ball, Tristan Tzara, and artists like Hans Arp, using chance, and Raoul Hausmann, specalizing in collage. Marcel Duchamp challenged tradition by using readymad...